F-1 24-Month STEM Optional Practical Training (STEM OPT) Extension

F-1 24-Month STEM OPT Extension: Eligibility, Application, & Guidance

CRITICAL WARNING: Failure to file the STEM OPT Extension application within the REQUIRED DEADLINES will result in the loss of F-1 status and the STEM OPT Extension benefit.

IMPORTANT REMINDER: The ISO strongly encourages reviewing ALL information, instructions, links, and handouts on this webpage and across the ISO website BEFORE submitting a STEM OPT Extension request to the ISO – OR – filing a STEM OPT Extension application with USCIS.

ATTENTION: F-1 students employed by MIT during approved periods of OPT are REQUIRED to report to the ISO (instructions on this webpage) – AND – register and report to the MIT International Scholars Office (ISchO) through the ISchO Portal. This allows ISchO to record OPT authorization, EAD expiration date, provide reminders about the STEM OPT Extension (if eligible), and offer guidance on a Change of Status (COS) to prevent any gaps in employment at MIT.

I. OVERVIEW OF F-1 OPT

Who This Page IS For

  • This information is ONLY for MIT-sponsored F-1 students who:
    • Have already been approved for Post-Completion OPT, and

ATTENTION: Students CANNOT apply directly for the STEM OPT Extension. They MUST first meet all the requirements and be within the allowable timeframe. Failure to timely file the STEM OPT Extension application will result in the loss of F-1 status and the STEM OPT Extension benefit.

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Who This Page Is NOT For

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Defining Optional Practical Training (OPT)

All Optional Practical Training (OPT) authorizations MUST comply with U.S. federal regulations [8 CFR 214.2(f)(10)]. OPT is a form of temporary U.S. work/employment authorization that allows eligible F-1 students to gain experience directly related to their degree field of study, provided they meet all the requirements.

  • IMPORTANT: U.S. federal regulations strictly limit the types of work/employment that international students may perform. Any work/employment-related activities require proper authorization BEFORE they begin. Understanding these rules and regulations is essential to maintaining a lawful F-1 status in the United States.
    • Under guidance from the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL), a person DOES NOT need to be formally classified as an “employee” for work/employment authorization to be required.

CRITICAL REMINDER: The U.S. government defines work/employment by the “nature of the activities, services, and/or duties performed”, regardless of payment, or whether the employer is based in or outside the U.S. If an individual provides any services or benefits to an employer, organization, or individual, they MUST have proper authorization.

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Types of OPT Work/Employment Options

IMPORTANT REMINDER: OPT is NOT a separate U.S. immigration status. It is a “benefit” of F-1 status. After completing an MIT degree program, F-1 status is no longer tied to academics, but rather to U.S. work/employment.

There are three (3) types of OPT available to F-1 students:

  • 1) Pre-Completion OPT (Pre-OPT): Off-campus work/employment issued BEFORE completing an MIT degree program. Students should review the ISO Pre-Completion OPT webpage and the F-1 Pre-Completion OPT slides [Kerberos Required].
  • 2) Post-Completion OPT (Post-OPT): Off-campus work/employment authorization issued AFTER degree completion. Students should review the ISO Post-Completion OPT webpage.
  • 3) STEM OPT Extension (STEM OPT): Off-campus work/employment for F-1 students who have earned a degree included in the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) STEM-Designated Degree Program List AND are currently in an active period of approved Post-Completion OPT.
    • Students should thoroughly review this webpage, the ISO STEM OPT Extension slides, and the ISO 24-Month STEM OPT Extension Information For F-1 MIT International Students webpage.

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II. STEM OPT EXTENSION OVERVIEW

Defining STEM OPT

To qualify for the 24-Month STEM OPT Extension (STEM OPT), F-1 students MUST meet additional eligibility and reporting requirements that do not apply to Pre-Completion or Post-Completion OPT, in accordance with U.S. federal regulations [8 CFR 214.2(f)(10)(ii)(C)].

  • (a) The 24-month STEM OPT Extension allows eligible F-1 students who earned their most recent bachelor’s, master’s, or doctoral degree in the U.S. in a DHS-designated STEM field to extend their approved Post-Completion OPT by up to 24 additional months beyond the standard 12-month Post-Completion OPT period.
  • (b) F-1 students can ONLY have one (1) STEM OPT Extension *per degree level (bachelor’s, master’s, or doctorate) and NO MORE than two (2) STEM OPT Extensions in a lifetime.
  • (c) Unused OPT and/or STEM OPT time CANNOT be reclaimed or transferred.
    • *‘Per Degree Level’ means once granted, the combined OPT and/or STEM OPT benefits are considered used by U.S. immigration, even if the student DOES NOT utilize the entire OPT and/or STEM OPT periods. The individual is NOT eligible to apply again at the same degree level.
      • Example: A student who was granted 12 months of Post-Completion OPT at the master’s level CANNOT receive another OPT authorization for a second master’s degree.
  • (d) STEM OPT may be granted based on a previously earned STEM degree from an accredited U.S. institution IF:
    • The degree was earned within the past 10 years, AND
    • The student had not previously applied for STEM OPT Extension at the *same degree level or a higher degree level.
      • Example: A master’s student currently approved for Post-Completion OPT based on a non-STEM degree may still be eligible for the STEM OPT Extension IF they previously earned a bachelor’s degree in a DHS-designated STEM field and never applied for STEM OPT at the bachelor’s level.
    • NOTE: The current DHS STEM-Designated Degree Program List is maintained by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and is available on the ICE website [here].

IMPORTANT REMINDER: Before applying for the 24-month STEM OPT Extension, students MUST confirm that their employer is E-Verify certified. Not all employers participate in the E-Verify program, and working for an employer that is NOT E-Verified will make a student ineligible for STEM OPT Extension authorization.

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STEM OPT Eligibility Criteria

Authorization for the 24-Month STEM OPT Extension is granted ONLY if all the criteria below are met:

  • 1. Immigration Status Specific: The F-1 student MUST be in an active/approved period of Post-Completion OPT and MUST have maintained lawful F-1 status.
    • Unemployment Limit: The student CANNOT have exceeded 90 days of unemployment during their current Post-Completion OPT period.
    • New STEM OPT Form I-20 Required: Before filing a STEM OPT Extension application with USCIS, an F-1 student MUST first submit a request for a STEM OPT Extension Form I-20 in iMIT and obtain the document, which will include the STEM OPT Extension recommendation on page 2.
  • 2. STEM-Eligible Degree: The student MUST have earned a recent U.S. bachelor’s, master’s, or doctoral degree in a field included on the DHS STEM-Designated Degree Program List. How to Verify a STEM Degree:
    • Check Form I-20: Locate the “PROGRAM OF STUDY” box on page 1.
    • Find the CIP Code: Look for the “MAJOR 1” or “MAJOR 2” code and title.
    • Confirm STEM OPT Eligibility: Confirm that the CIP Code(s) listed on the most recently issued MIT-Form I-20 is also on the current DHS STEM-Eligible Degree List.
      • NOTE: A previously earned U.S. STEM degree can qualify if it was earned within the last ten (10) years from an accredited U.S. institution. However, there are additional limitations, as mentioned in (D) of the Defining STEM OPT section above.
  • 3. Previous Practical Training Use: A student CANNOT have previously:
    • Been approved for the 24-Month STEM OPT Extension at the same degree level – OR – already been approved for two (2) STEM OPT authorizations.
      • NOTE: These limits apply EVEN IF the degrees were earned at different schools but at the same degree level.
  • 4. Work/Employment MUST Be Directly Related To Degree Program: All work/employment under OPT/STEM OPT MUST be directly related to the major field of study [8 CFR 214.2(f)(10)].
    • NOTE: The work/employment CANNOT be based on general concepts from the degree program or on a single course. It MUST clearly connect to the degree’s core field.
  • 5. Timing Requirements: Students MUST submit the STEM OPT Extension application ONLY within the federal filing window. USCIS will DENY applications submitted too early or too late. These filing deadlines are:
    • EARLIEST ISO I-20 Request: A STEM OPT Form I-20 can be requested from ISO (via iMIT) up to 110 days BEFORE the expiration date on the Post-Completion OPT EAD card.
      • Example: If the OPT EAD expires on June 30, the earliest ISO request date is 110 days before that date, or March 20.
    • EARLIEST USCIS Submission: A STEM OPT application can be filed with USCIS up to 90 days BEFORE the OPT EAD expires – AND – only AFTER receiving the new ISO-issued STEM OPT Form I-20.
      • Example: If the OPT EAD expires on June 30, the earliest USCIS filing date is 90 days BEFORE that date, or April 2.
    • LATEST USCIS Submission: USCIS MUST receive a complete and correct STEM OPT application BEFORE the current OPT EAD expires.
      • Example: If the OPT EAD expires on June 30, USCIS MUST receive the application by June 29.
  • 6. Employer & Employment Conditions: The student MUST have work/employment that meets the following requirements:
    • All STEM OPT employers are REQUIRED to be registered in the USCIS E-Verify Program and have a valid Employer Identification Number (EIN/Tax ID). Students MUST confirm this information with the STEM OPT employer(s) in advance.
      • NOTE: The E-Verify Employer Search Tool on the USCIS website is unreliable. Students MUST confirm this information with their STEM OPT employer(s).
    • The student MUST be employed full-time (more than 20+ hours per week), for each STEM OPT employer, and compensation MUST reflect that level of work.
    • The student MUST be trained by the STEM OPT employer [See the Personal Start-Ups & Self-Employment section below].

CRITICAL REMINDER: A STEM OPT application MUST be submitted within the required filing timelines (#5 above) and MUST include the new STEM OPT Form I-20 issued by the ISO (#1 above).

NOTE: USCIS will DENY applications filed outside the required filing timelines or without the required Form I-20, which will result in the student losing eligibility for the 24-month STEM OPT benefit.

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STEM OPT Authorization Requirements

Students MUST follow the instructions on this webpage and the ISO STEM OPT Slides (Kerberos login required) and prepare the materials listed below BEFORE requesting the required STEM OPT Form I-20 from the ISO.

Steps and Required Documents for STEM OPT Authorization:

  • 1. STEM OPT Employer Support Letter: The ISO CANNOT review letters that are lengthy or incomplete. The letter MUST be 1–3 pages in length, and on official employer letterhead, signed, and dated by the company/employer. NOTE: If the letter exceeds three (3) pages, the student MUST clearly highlight all required details to avoid processing delays [see example letter here]. The letter MUST include all required details listed below:
    • (a) Company/Employer’s Name: Full legal name of the company/employer (e.g., “Google LLC,” not “Google.com” or simply “Google”).
    • (b) E-Verify Number: The company/employer’s E-Verify number – OR – a statement confirming they are “enrolled in the USCIS E-Verify Program and are an E-Verified company/employer”.
    • (c) Position Title: Current position title, NOT previous title(s).
    • (d) Employment Dates: Start date of the work/employment (and end date, if applicable).
    • (e) Work Hours: The number of hours per week – OR – “Full-time”.
    • (f) Salary/Compensation: The amount in U.S. dollars the student will be paid. This is REQUIRED.
    • (g) Supervisor Information: Name and contact information (phone and email) of the student’s STEM OPT employer supervisor.
    • (h) Responsibilities/Duties: Overview of job responsibilities/duties and an explanation of how they are directly related to the student’s degree field of study.
    • (i) Worksite Address: Where the student will physically be working/located and the employer’s main company address, if different from the worksite address.
  • 2. Form I-983: STEM OPT Training Plan: The Form I-983 MUST be completed as follows:
    • Page 1: Completed and signed ONLY by the student.
      • Refer to the STEM OPT Extension Dates section below for the “STEM OPT Requested Period”.
      • The DSO information is the student’s ISO Advisor, and the ISO contact information can be found on the ISO website [here].
    • Pages 2–4: Completed and signed ONLY by the employer.
    • Page 5: Not required at the time of the initial STEM OPT application.
      • NOTE: Page 5 is completed ONLY during the approved STEM OPT period as part of the student’s STEM OPT reporting requirements [see the Key Dates & Deadlines section below].
    • See the example Form I-983 provided [here].
  • 3. $200 MIT Administrative Fee: A non-refundable administrative fee of $200 is required for STEM OPT requests. The payment can be made online using a debit or credit card.
  • 4. Post-Completion OPT EAD Card: Submit a copy of a valid/active Post-Completion OPT EAD card.
  • 5. [RECOMMENDED] Draft Form I-765: Students are encouraged to submit a DRAFT of their STEM OPT Form I-765 with their request.
  • 6. Submit STEM OPT Request in iMIT: Students MUST request the required STEM OPT Form I-20 from the ISO by following the steps below:
    • (a) The student MUST log in to iMIT through ‘Limited Client Services’. Instructions on logging in to iMIT during OPT/STEM OPT are available on the ISO website [here].
      • NOTE: Alumni students without a login “PIN” should select ‘Request a PIN’. The PIN will be sent to the email address associated with the iMIT account. If a PIN is not received, follow the instructions [here].
    • (b) Select the ‘F-1 Practical Training’ tab on the left sidebar of their iMIT home page.
    • (c) Select ‘STEM OPT Extension Application’, and ‘Start a New Request’.
    • (d) Complete all six (6) e-Forms in the ‘STEM OPT Extension Application’ request.
      • NOTE: Students can ONLY request STEM OPT authorization for full-time work/employment (more than 20+ hours per week).

ATTENTION: Students are strongly advised to submit the required STEM OPT e-Form request to the ISO at least two (2) weeks BEFORE their planned STEM OPT application submission date to USCIS.

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III. KEY DATES & DEADLINES

CRITICAL WARNING: Failure to follow the deadlines and requirements outlined on this webpage, the ISO STEM OPT Slides, and the DHS STEM OPT Hub website will result in the DENIAL of the STEM OPT application and loss of F-1 status and the STEM OPT benefit.

Important STEM OPT Dates & Filing Deadlines

Students MUST submit the STEM OPT Extension application ONLY within the federal filing window. USCIS will DENY applications submitted too early or too late.

  • Filing Deadlines:
    • EARLIEST ISO I-20 Request: A STEM OPT Form I-20 can be requested from ISO (via iMIT) up to 110 days BEFORE the expiration date on the Post-Completion OPT EAD card.
      • Example: If the OPT EAD expires on June 30, the earliest ISO request date is 110 days before that date, or March 20.
    • EARLIEST USCIS Submission: A STEM OPT application can be filed with USCIS up to 90 days BEFORE the OPT EAD expires – AND – only AFTER receiving the new ISO-issued STEM OPT Form I-20.
      • Example: If the OPT EAD expires on June 30, the earliest USCIS filing date is 90 days BEFORE that date, or April 2.
    • LATEST USCIS Submission: USCIS MUST receive a complete and correct STEM OPT application BEFORE the current OPT EAD expires.
      • Example: If the OPT EAD expires on June 30, USCIS MUST receive the application by June 29.

IMMIGRATION REMINDER: Students who submit the STEM OPT Extension application to USCIS on time will receive an automatic 180-day work/employment extension of their OPT authorization if their Post-Completion OPT expires while the STEM OPT application is pending with USCIS. This rule is specific to STEM OPT and remains in effect until USCIS issues a decision on the application (approval or denial).

IMPORTANT REMINDER: Students MUST be physically present in the U.S. when USCIS receives/receipts their STEM OPT application.

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STEM OPT Extension Period & Start/End Dates

Unlike Post-Completion OPT, students CANNOT choose their own STEM OPT start date. The STEM OPT period is set by federal regulation as follows:

  • STEM OPT Start Date: The start date is the day after the Post-Completion OPT EAD card expires.
    • Example: If the Post-Completion OPT card expires on July 5, [Current Year], the STEM OPT start date MUST be July 6, [Current Year], i.e., the day after the OPT card expires.
  • STEM OPT End Date: The end date is two (2) years minus one (1) day from the STEM OPT start date.
    • Example: If the STEM OPT start date is July 6, [Current Year], the STEM OPT end date MUST be July 5, [+ 2 years – 1 day].

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IV. STEM OPT APPLICATION

Students MUST follow the instructions on this webpage and the ISO STEM OPT Slides (Kerberos login required) and prepare the materials listed below BEFORE submitting a STEM OPT application (online or by mail) to USCIS.

Required Documents Checklist

Students MUST carefully follow the instructions below and submit all required documents in the order listed, whether applying online or by mail to USCIS.

CRITICAL WARNING: On Form I-765 (U.S. Mailing Address part of the form), students MUST use a U.S. mailing address that will remain valid and accessible for at least five (5) months beyond the STEM OPT start date. If a student expects to move within that period, they should list the U.S. address of a trusted friend or family member.

NOTE: Students CANNOT use the ISO office address.

Required Documents:

  • 1. Application Fee: Verify, in advance, the current USCIS Form I-765 application fee.
    • Online Application: Pay using a U.S. debit or credit card.
    • Mail-In Application: Choose one of the following payment methods:
      • (i) Bank-certified check or money order payable to “U.S. Department of Homeland Security and write “Form I-765” and SEVIS ID number in the memo line.
      • (ii) Form G-1450 to pay with a U.S. debit or credit card.
      • CAUTION: Providing incorrect card details will result in the denial or rejection of the application. Notify the U.S. bank/credit card provider before making a payment to avoid fraud alerts.
  • 2. E-Notification of Application Acceptance: Enables students to receive a text/email notification when USCIS receives their OPT application.
    • Online Filing: Use a personal email address (not @mit.edu) and a U.S. mobile number in the online form.
    • Mail-In Filing: Submit the optional Form G-1145 with a personal email (not @mit.edu) and a U.S. mobile number to receive a text/email confirmation.
  • 3. Passport Photos: Must have been taken within the last 30 days. Re
    • Mail-In Filing: Submit photos that meet photo requirements, but also remember:
      • To lightly write one’s full name and SEVIS ID on the back (lower corner) of the photos. Attach the photos and payment to the front of the application.
      • Only use paperclips for the application (no staples).
  • 4. Form I-765, Application for Employment Authorization: Submit either online or by mail — NOT BOTH.
    • Online Filing: Follow USCIS Tips for Filing Forms Online webpage and the ISO Online Form I-765 Filing Resource Guide handout.
    • Mail-In Filing: Follow USCIS Tips for Filing Forms Online webpage and the ISO Online Form I-765 Filing Resource Guide handout, but also remember:
      • Use the most recent edition of Form I-765 and carefully review the instructions on the USCIS website.
      • It is strongly recommended that responses be typed before printing the form. If filling out by hand, use only black ink.
    • Online & Mail-In Filing: Select “Initial Permission to Accept Employment” and in the “Eligibility Category” field enter/select the eligibility code (c)(3)(C).
  • 5. Copy of STEM OPT Form I-20: The student MUST print and sign the document in wet ink. Electronic signatures by students are NOT allowed. Only provide pages 1 and 2 of the STEM OPT Form I-20.
  • 6. Copies of ALL Previously Issued Form I-20s: Include pages 1 and 2 of all Form I-20s from MIT and prior schools (for older I-20s, include pages 1 & 3).
    • Online Filing: Upload as a single PDF in chronological order (most recent first).
    • Mail-In Filing: Arrange in chronological order (most recent first).
  • 7. Copy of Form I-94 (Entry/Arrival Record): Submit the most recent I-94 Entry/Arrival Record. DO NOT submit the I-94 Travel History Record.
  • 8. Copy of Current Passport: Submit a copy of the most recently issued, valid (unexpired) passport that matches the “Citizenship” on the most recently issued MIT Form I-20.
    • The copy MUST clearly show the name, photo, date of birth, passport number, date of issuance, and expiration date.
      • NOTE: If both an older and a newer passport exist, include copies of each and label them clearly (e.g., “Old Passport” / “New Passport”).
  • 9. Copy of F-1 Visa Sticker/Stamp: Submit a copy of the most recent F-1 visa stamp/sticker (not required for citizens of Canada or Bermuda).
    • NOTE: A valid F-1 visa sticker/stamp is NOT required to file a STEM OPT application.
  • 10. Copies of Previous EAD Cards: Include front and back copies of ALL previously issued F-1 EAD cards.
  • 11. Copy of MIT Accreditation Information: Submit a copy of MIT’s Accreditation Information, which can be found on MIT’s Accreditation webpage [here].
  • 12. Copy of STEM-Eligible Degree Diploma: Submit a photocopy of the physical diploma from the STEM degree program, NOT an electronic copy.
  • 13. Copy of STEM-Eligible Degree Transcripts: Submit official transcripts (preferred) from the STEM degree program used for the STEM OPT application. Electronic transcripts are NOT recommended.

IMPORTANT REMINDERS: Follow the checklist exactly in the order listed. Missing or incorrect documents will delay or jeopardize the application. Retain personal copies of ALL documents submitted to USCIS.

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Requesting the STEM OPT Form I-20

Students MUST follow step #6 listed above in the STEM OPT Authorization Requirements section.

  • STEM OPT Form I-20 Reminders: After submitting the ‘STEM OPT Extension Application’ e-Form to the ISO (via iMIT), the ISO will review and process the STEM OPT Form I-20 within ten (10) business days (excluding weekends and holidays). The new Form I-20 will:
    • Be emailed to the student using the email address on file in iMIT/SEVIS.
    • Include a new travel signature (valid for six (6) months) and the STEM OPT recommendation on page 2.

CRITICAL WARNING: Students MUST receive the new STEM OPT Form I-20 from the ISO BEFORE submitting it to USCIS. Filing a STEM OPT application without the required Form I-20 will result in a DENIAL from USCIS.

NOTE: Students MUST be physically present in the U.S. when USCIS receives/receipts their STEM OPT application.

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How to File the STEM OPT Application: Online or by Mail

Students MUST decide upon ONLY one of the following methods to submit their STEM OPT Extension application to USCIS:

  • Online Filing: File through their USCIS Online Account.
  • Mail-In Filing (Paper Application): Recommended to send the application using express mail through a private courier service (FedEx or UPS) or the U.S. Postal Service (USPS).
    • The application MUST be mailed to the correct USCIS address as listed in the “Foreign Students” section of the USCIS Direct Filing Addresses for Form I-765 webpage.
    • NOTE: Students MUST keep the mailing receipt from the OPT package as evidence that they submitted their application to USCIS “properly and in a timely manner”.

REMINDER: Make copies of ALL documents related to the STEM OPT application and F-1 status.

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USCIS Processing Times & Premium Processing

  • Processing Times: USCIS typically processes STEM OPT applications within 3 to 5 months.
    • Students should initiate their STEM OPT request with the ISO at least 100 days BEFORE their Post-Completion OPT expires to avoid delays in receiving the Employment Authorization Document (EAD) card.
  • Premium Processing Option: USCIS offers Premium Processing for both online and mail-in STEM OPT applications using Form I-907. Students may request Premium Processing either:
    • (a) At the time of filing the initial STEM OPT application, or
    • (b) After filing, while the application is still pending.
      • NOTE: If requesting Premium Processing after filing, students MUST apply it to the existing pending STEM OPT application. DO NOT submit a new STEM OPT application with Premium Processing.
  • Checking Processing Times: USCIS reports that online and mail-in applications are processed in roughly the same timeframe. To check current processing times:
    • Visit the USCIS Check Case Processing Times webpage.
    • For “Form”: Select I-765 (Application for Employment Authorization).
    • For “Form Category”: Select Based on a request by a qualified F-1 academic student [(c)(3)].
    • For “Field Office or Service Center”: Select Service Center Operations (SCOPS).
    • Click “Get processing time”.

ATTENTION: USCIS processes OPT applications in 3 to 5 months, starting from the receipt date (the date USCIS receives the application by mail or online). Students should ONLY contact USCIS if processing exceeds five months. Individuals with fixed travel or employment start dates can request Premium Processing (Form I-907) either when filing their application or after submitting it to expedite processing.

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V. STEM OPT EMPLOYMENT REQUIREMENTS & LIMITS

Qualified Work/Employment

Employment must be directly related to the student’s degree and provide practical experience in that field of study.

To maintain F-1 status while on OPT, students MUST engage in “Qualified Work/Employment” [review #6 in the STEM OPT Eligibility Criteria section above] that meets ALL the following requirements:

  • MUST be directly related to the student’s degree and provide practical experience in that field of study.
  • MUST be paid.
  • MUST be working full-time (more than 20+ hours per week) for each STEM OPT employer.
  • Additional Requirements Include:
    • Keeping documentation of all work/employment, including job offer letters, pay stubs, W-2 forms, etc.

COMPLIANCE REMINDER: Students MUST report all updates and changes to iMIT within 10 calendar days [see the Maintaining F-1 Status section below].

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Personal Start-Ups & Self-Employment

Personal start-ups and self-employment are NOT ALLOWED during the STEM OPT Extension. Students on STEM OPT MUST be employed by a U.S. employer who signs the Form I-983 Training Plan and provides a structured training experience.

  • The U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has clarified, “F-1 students cannot qualify for STEM OPT Extensions unless they will be bona fide employees of the employer signing the Form I-983 because F-1 students may not provide employer attestations on their own behalf. However, STEM OPT applicants can participate in a start-up or small business so long as all regulatory requirements are met. The employer that signs the Training Plan must be the same entity that employs the student and provides the practical training experience. These requirements mandate that the company remains in good standing with E-Verify and has the resources to comply with the proposed training plan.”

Therefore, to determine whether the work/employment complies with the government’s STEM OPT guidelines, students MUST show that they are employees, NOT owners or co-owners. This includes being able to explain:

  • Who has the authority to hire, supervise, and terminate the student’s employment?
  • How will the student receive structured, supervised training as an employee?
  • For more information, refer to the DHS Start-Up Guidance (pages 4 & 5) and the Study in the States website [here].

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STEM OPT Unemployment

  • F-1 Students Are Allowed:
    • Up to a MAXIMUM of 90 calendar days of unemployment (including weekends) during the 12-month Post-Completion OPT period, and
    • Receive an additional 60 calendar days after STEM OPT approval.
    • This provides a combined total of 150 calendar days of unemployment across the entire Post-Completion OPT + STEM OPT periods.
  • Students can find detailed guidance about their STEM OPT reporting requirements on the DHS STEM OPT Frequently Asked Questions webpage, the ISO F-1 STEM OPT Extension Reporting Requirements webpage, and in the ISO Knowledge Base.

CRITICAL WARNING: Students are responsible for tracking their unemployment days. Exceeding the 150-day limit is a violation of F-1 status and may lead to serious consequences for future U.S. immigration benefits.

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VI. TRAVEL GUIDANCE

International students should carefully evaluate travel plans outside the U.S. during their Post-OPT and STEM OPT periods. While travel is permitted after submitting a STEM OPT application to USCIS, it carries potential risks and should be planned with caution.

CRITICAL REMINDER: The ISO can NEVER guarantee entry into the U.S. All final decisions regarding entry eligibility are made by U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) officers at the port of entry.

Key Travel Reminders & Tips

  • Important Reminders:
    • Travel to Other Countries: Students traveling to a country other than their home country or the U.S. MUST check entry requirements and any travel restrictions for every country they visit or transit through.
    • Returning to the U.S.: Students MUST NEVER enter the U.S. on a tourist visa (B-1/B-2), through the Visa Waiver Program (VWP/ESTA), or by using Nexus or Global Entry. Doing so will terminate F-1 status and render all OPT/STEM OPT benefits invalid.
    • I-94 Record: Students MUST check their I-94 record after EVERY entry into the U.S. to confirm that it lists “F-1” as the “Class of Admission” and “D/S” as the “Admit-Until Date”.
  • Visa Sticker/Stamp Reminders:
    • Expired F-1 Visa Sticker/Stamp: If a student’s F-1 visa sticker/stamp has expired, they MUST apply for a new F-1 visa sticker/stamp at a U.S. Embassy/Consulate abroad BEFORE re-entering the U.S. in F-1 status with OPT.
      • NOTE: An F-1 visa sticker/stamp ONLY needs to be valid when entering the U.S. Students DO NOT need a valid F-1 visa sticker/stamp to remain in the country. Refer to the ISO Knowledge Base article for more information.

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Travel BEFORE Post-Completion OPT EAD Card End Date

Students traveling and returning to the U.S. BEFORE their Post-Completion OPT EAD card expires remain in their Post-OPT period. Regardless of whether the STEM OPT application is pending or approved, they MUST carry the following documents:

  • 1. Valid Passport: Must be valid for at least six (6) months into the future, at all times.
  • 2. Valid F-1 Visa Sticker/Stamp: Must be valid (not expired), except for citizens of Canada and Bermuda.
  • 3. “Certificate of Eligibility” Form I-20: The most recent Form I-20 MUST:
    • List the current OPT employer(s) on page 2.
    • Include an ISO travel signature (page 2) issued within the past six (6) months.
  • 4. EAD Card(s): The physical OPT EAD card(s).
  • 5. Employer Support Letter(s): A recent letter from the OPT employer confirming:
    • Dates of employment/training.
    • Job duties and worksite location.
    • Supervisor’s contact information.
    • Compensation information (REQUIRED).

COMPLIANCE REMINDER: An I-94 record will update automatically after re-entry to the U.S. This is normal and DOES NOT affect a submitted or pending OPT application.

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Travel AFTER Post-Completion OPT EAD Card End Date

STEM OPT Extension Application Pending:

The ISO strongly recommends that F-1 students travel outside the U.S. ONLY after their STEM OPT Extension application has been approved, and they have received their STEM OPT EAD card. Individuals who travel or remain outside the U.S. AFTER their Post-Completion OPT EAD card expires, while their STEM OPT Extension application is still PENDING with USCIS, may encounter serious immigration complications. These complications include, but are not limited to:

  • STEM OPT Denial or Rejection: If USCIS denies or rejects the STEM OPT Extension application while the individual is outside the U.S., their F-1 status automatically ends, and they CANNOT return to the U.S. in F-1 status, and they will lose their STEM OPT Extension benefit for that degree level.
  • Requests for Evidence (RFE): USCIS may send an RFE that MUST be answered from inside the U.S. If the individual is outside the U.S., they may be unable to respond to the RFE, resulting in a denial.
  • EAD Delivery Issues: If the STEM OPT Extension is approved while the individual is outside the U.S., they MUST have the STEM OPT EAD card in hand to re-enter.
    • NOTE: The delivery of an EAD card can be challenging, especially when coordinating how to receive it from a U.S. address to an address abroad.
      • If the card is lost or delayed, a replacement EAD card application CANNOT be submitted from outside the U.S., which could delay their work/employment and even prevent the individuals’ return to the U.S.
      • Coordinating the delivery of an EAD card abroad can be difficult. If the card is lost or delayed, a replacement EAD card application CANNOT be submitted from outside the U.S.

U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) guidance on this issue can be found on their website [here], under the question “Can I re-enter if my request for OPT is still pending?”:

  • “Yes, but traveling during this time should be undertaken with caution. USCIS may send you a request for evidence while you are away, so you should ensure that both your DSO and USCIS have your correct U.S. address and that you can send any requested documents promptly. If USCIS approves your OPT application, you will be expected to have your EAD in hand to re-enter the United States. USCIS can only mail the EAD to your U.S. address.”

WARNING: For the reasons listed above, the ISO strongly advises against traveling or remaining outside the U.S. AFTER a Post-Completion OPT EAD card expires. Students who are missing ANY required travel documents may be DENIED entry to the U.S.

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STEM OPT Extension Application Pending:

Students traveling and returning to the U.S. AFTER their Post-Completion OPT EAD card expires, and their STEM OPT application is approved, MUST carry the required documents listed above and on the ISO website [here].

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VII. MAINTAINING F-1 STATUS

The U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) closely monitors all off-campus work/employment authorizations for international students. Students are responsible for maintaining their U.S. immigration status to avoid jeopardizing current or future U.S. immigration benefits (e.g., STEM OPT, H-1B, Cap-Gap Extension, or Permanent Residency).

Critical Reporting Requirements

To maintain F-1 status during OPT, students MUST ensure that:            

  • ALL their immigration documents remain valid and DO NOT expire.
  • ALL reporting changes and updates are submitted to iMIT within 10 calendar days [specifics below].
  • ALL absences from the U.S. NEVER exceed five (5) consecutive months.
  • ALL work/employment meets the eligibility criteria, including but not limited to “being directly related to the student’s major field of study”.
    • DHS-issued policy guidance clearly states that all off-campus work/employment activities (i.e., CPT and OPT) MUST be specific to the student’s major degree field of study and NOT based on general concepts from the degree program or on a single course [8 CFR 214.2(f)(10)(ii)].

CRITICAL REMINDER: OPT is a benefit of F-1 status — it is NOT a separate immigration status. U.S. federal regulations REQUIRE F-1 students to report ALL changes and updates to the ISO (via iMIT) within 10 calendar days. Failure to report may result in the loss of legal F-1 status and all related immigration benefits. Instructions for accessing iMIT are available on the ISO website [here].

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Other Mandatory Reporting Obligations

Reporting a Change of Employer: Changing employers during the STEM OPT Extension REQUIRES the submission of two (2) e-Forms in iMIT.

  • To begin, follow the instructions on the ISO website [here],  select ‘F-1 Practical Training’, ‘OPT/STEM OPT Reporting’, ‘Start a New Request’, and complete the following e-Forms:
    • 1) ‘Edit/End Current Employer Information on OPT/STEM OPT’ e-Form.
      • The student will enter their last day of employment with their previous employer.
      • Upload the REQUIRED Form I-983, “Final Evaluation On Student Progress” (bottom portion of page 5), completed and signed by the student and the employer.  
    • 2) ‘Add New Employer Information on OPT/STEM OPT’ (if applicable) e-Form.
      • The student will upload a completed and signed Form I-983 (pages 1-4) that has been signed by both the student (page 1) and the new employer (pages 2-4).  
        • NOTE: The new employer MUST meet all the STEM OPT requirements.
      • A new “STEM OPT Employer Support Letter” for the new employer that meets all the requirements.

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Reporting a Change of U.S. Immigration Status: Changing to a new U.S. immigration status REQUIRES the submission of one e-Form in iMIT.

  • To begin, follow the instructions on the ISO website [here],  select ‘F-1 Practical Training’, ‘OPT/STEM OPT Reporting’, ‘Start a New Request’, and complete the ‘Report Departure from the U.S., Visa Status Change (e.g., Cap-Gap I-20 Request), or Unemployment on OPT’ e-Form:
    • This e-Form requires a copy of a Change of Status (COS) approval notice, which MUST be either Form I-797A or Form I-797B, to be uploaded.
      • File Formats Accepted: PDF, JPG, GIF, BMP, PNG (maximum 2MB).
    • NOTE: Students currently in a period of approved STEM OPT MUST also upload the required Form I-983, “Final Evaluation On Student Progress” (bottom portion of page 5), which MUST be completed and signed by both the student and the employer. 

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Transferring to a New U.S. Institution, School, or Program: It’s crucial to follow U.S. immigration regulations when transferring an F-1 SEVIS record to a new institution, school, or program. Transferring an F-1 SEVIS record REQUIRES emailing the following documents to the ISO:

  • A completed ISO Transfer-Out Release Form.
  • A copy of the admission/acceptance letter from the new institution/school.
  • Any additional forms required by the new institution, school, or program (if applicable).
    • NOTE: Students currently on OPT/STEM OPT are also REQUIRED to log into iMIT and report their last day of employment.
      • Select ‘F-1 Practical Training’, ‘OPT/STEM OPT Reporting’, ‘Start a New Request’, and complete the ‘Edit/End Current Employer Information on OPT/STEM OPT’ e-Form.
      • Student on STEM OPT MUST also upload the required Form I-983, “Final Evaluation On Student Progress” (bottom portion of page 5), completed and signed by the student and the employer. 
  • Important Transfer-Out Immigration Information:
    • A “transfer release date” MUST be a date in the future. The ISO REQUIRES at least 10 business days to process the SEVIS transfer.
    • The ISO can ONLY transfer a student’s SEVIS record after receiving the required documents mentioned above.
    • The new institution, school, or program CANNOT issue a new Form I-20 until AFTER the approved transfer release date chosen by the F-1 student.
    • ALL work/employment authorizations (on-campus/OPT) will end on the transfer release date chosen by the F-1 student. Therefore, they MUST be prepared to stop working as of that date.
      • Example: If a student plans to end their work/employment on August 4, the transfer release date should be set as August 5.

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Reporting the End of F-1 Status & Departure from the U.S.: Ending F-1 status and permanently departing the U.S. REQUIRES the submission of two (2) e-Forms in iMIT.

  • To begin, follow the instructions on the ISO website [here],  select ‘F-1 Practical Training’, ‘OPT/STEM OPT Reporting’, ‘Start a New Request’, and complete the following e-Forms:
    • 1) ‘Edit/End Current Employer Information on OPT/STEM OPT’ e-Form.
      • The student will enter their last day of employment with their previous employer.
      • [STEM OPT ONLY]: Upload the REQUIRED Form I-983, “Final Evaluation On Student Progress” (bottom portion of page 5), completed and signed by the student and the employer.  
    • 2) ‘Report Departure from the U.S., Visa Status Change (e.g., Cap-Gap I-20 Request), or Unemployment on OPT’ e-Form.
      • The student will enter the date of their planned departure from the U.S.
      • [STEM OPT ONLY]: Upload the REQUIRED Form I-983, “Final Evaluation On Student Progress” (bottom portion of page 5), completed and signed by the student and the employer.  

WARNING: Once again, ALL changes and updates MUST be reported to the ISO (via iMIT) within 10 calendar days. THIS IS A FEDERAL REQUIREMENT. Failure to report may result in the loss of legal F-1 status and all related immigration benefits.

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Required STEM OPT Validation Reports

F-1 students approved for the STEM OPT Extension are REQUIRED to submit four (4) STEM OPT Validation Reports to the ISO (via iMIT). Validation reporting begins six (6) months AFTER the start date on the approved STEM OPT EAD card and MUST be submitted EVERY six (6) months thereafter until one of the following occurs:

  • The STEM OPT period ends,
  • The student changes to a new U.S. immigration status,
  • The student transfers to a new U.S. school, program, or institution, or
  • The student departs the United States.
    • Tip: Students are strongly advised to set calendar reminders now to avoid missing reporting deadlines.

Students can find step-by-step instructions on the ISO F-1 STEM OPT Extension Reporting Requirements webpage. The four (4) required STEM OPT Validation Reports are:

  • [1st Report] 6-Month STEM OPT Report
    • Confirm all STEM OPT employer information and submit any updates.
    • Upload a copy of the approved STEM OPT EAD card to iMIT.
  • [2nd Report] 12-Month STEM OPT Report
    • Confirm all STEM OPT employer information and submit any updates.
    • Submit the REQUIRED Form I-983, “Mid-Point Evaluation On Student Progress” (top portion of page 5), completed and signed by both the student and the STEM OPT employer. 
  • [3rd Report] 18-Month STEM OPT Report
    • Confirm all STEM OPT employer information and submit any updates.
  • [4th & FINAL Report] 24-Month STEM OPT Report
    • Confirm all STEM OPT employer information and submit any updates.
    • Submit the REQUIRED Form I-983, “Final Evaluation On Student Progress” (bottom portion of page 5), completed and signed by both the student and the STEM OPT employer. 

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Key Reporting Reminders

  • All changes or updates MUST be reported (at the latest) within 10 calendar days of the occurrence. However, it is ALWAYS best to report as early as possible.
  • STEM OPT Validation Reports MUST be submitted on time (every six (6) months).
  • Any missing or late reports may result in the LOSS of legal F-1 status.
  • Students MUST keep copies of all submitted reports and documents for their personal immigration records.

ATTENTION: The mission of the ISO is to guide MIT international students in navigating the requirements for maintaining legal U.S. immigration status. However, students are ALWAYS responsible for maintaining a valid F-1 status. The ISO relies on students to promptly report all changes and updates so that we can provide accurate guidance and support compliance with U.S. regulations.

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VIII. PREPARING APPLICATION

Important Pre-Application Reminders

F-1 students MUST carefully complete all steps below BEFORE submitting a STEM OPT Extension application to ensure eligibility and compliance with U.S. government regulations.

  1. Review ISO STEM OPT Materials: Thoroughly review the ISO STEM OPT Extension slides and all information on this webpage, including linked handouts and detailed instructions.
  2. Submit the STEM OPT Request to the ISO: Gather all required documents and materials to submit a STEM OPT I-20 request to the ISO via iMIT.
  3. Obtain the STEM OPT Form I-20: Wait to receive the new Form I-20 with the STEM OPT recommendation from the ISO before filing the application with USCIS.
  4. Confirm a Valid U.S. Mailing Address (IMPORTANT): The U.S. address listed on Form I-765 must remain valid and accessible for at least five (5) months beyond the requested STEM OPT start date.
    1. The U.S. Postal Service CANNOT forward government mail (including USCIS correspondence) using the USPS Mail Forwarding Service or the AR-11 online form.
    1. Students who MUST change their U.S. address after applying should contact their ISO Advisor for guidance.
  5. Retain Photocopies for Personal Records: Keep complete copies of all immigration documents and application materials submitted to USCIS, as well as all receipts and notices received.
  6. Verify Application Fees: Confirm the current STEM OPT filing fee listed on the USCIS website and ensure that proper payment is made before submission.
  7. Review and Organize Required Documents: Confirm that all materials are accurate, complete, and compliant with the requirements listed in the ISO and USCIS instructions.
  8. Double-Check All Information: Review all forms and documents one final time to ensure accuracy and consistency across all application materials.
  9. Submit Form I-765 Application to USCIS: File the STEM OPT Extension application following the “IV. Applying For STEM OPT” section on this webpage.

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STEM OPT FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQS)

This section is updated regularly as the ISO receives new questions from the MIT community and as the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) provides additional guidance. Additional FAQs on the DHS website [here].

  • 1) Using a Previous STEM Degree
    • Q: I am on Post-Completion OPT using my non-STEM degree, but I previously earned a STEM degree from a U.S. institution. Can I apply for the STEM OPT Extension and keep my current job?
      • A: Review the STEM OPT eligibility requirements and the STEM OPT Extension Rules section above (specifically D).
  • 2) Purpose of Form I-983
    • Q: What is the purpose of the Form I-983, Training Plan for STEM OPT Students?
      • A: Students are required to submit the Form I-983 to ensure that they are receiving the academic and training benefits necessary to maintain their F-1 status and STEM OPT authorization.
        • Students MUST work with their employer to prepare and maintain the Form I-983 Training Plan. For more information, visit the DHS Form I-983 Resources webpage.
  • 3) Changes to the Form I-983 Training Plan
    • Q: What if I need to make changes or updates to my Form I-983 Training Plan?
      • A: Any “Material Changes” require the student and employer to update and sign a new Form I-983. Submission of the revised form to the ISO (via iMIT) is required within 10 calendar days of the change/update. Details are on the ISO STEM OPT Reporting Requirements webpage.
  • 4) Annual Training Evaluations [REQUIRED]
    • Q: How will my training be evaluated during STEM OPT?
      • A: Students are REQUIRED to submit a STEM OPT report to the ISO (via iMIT) EVERY six (6) Months beginning six (6) months AFTER the start date listed on the approved STEM OPT EAD card.
        • Additionally, the student and their STEM OPT employer MUST complete and sign the required Form I-983 Self-Evaluations (page 5) EVERY twelve (12) Months.
        • Details are on the ISO STEM OPT Reporting Requirements webpage.
  • 5) Travel While STEM OPT Application Is Pending
    • Q: I am applying for the STEM OPT Extension and need to travel outside of the U.S. Can I travel outside the U.S. while the STEM OPT Extension is pending?
      • A: Students are always free to depart the U.S. at any time, and they may travel with their approved Post-Completion OPT period if their EAD card is still valid.
        • However, if their current Post-Completion OPT EAD card has expired, they should NOT exit the U.S., as re-entry will require the new STEM EAD card.
        • Review the ISO Traveling During F1-OPT/STEM OPT webpage for more information.
        • Additionally, if a student’s current F-1 visa sticker/stamp has expired, the student MUST apply for a new one at a U.S. Embassy/Consulate abroad with their approved STEM EAD card BEFORE returning to the U.S.

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ADDITIONAL STEM OPT REMINDERS & RESOURCES

Quick Reminders:

  • Maintaining a U.S. immigration status is an F-1 student’s RESPONSIBILITY.
  • NEVER begin paid or unpaid work/employment without proper authorization.
  • Report ALL changes and updates in iMIT within 10 calendar days.
  • During approved periods of OPT, a travel signature on a Form I-20 is valid for ONLY six (6) months from the date it was issued, as indicated on page 2 of the most recently issued Form I-20.
  • Keep copies of ALL immigration and employment documentation ever issued.

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ISO/MIT Resources:

  • ISO USCIS Online Form I-765 Filing Resource Guide handout
  • ISO F-1 Post-Completion OPT: Reporting Requirements webpage
  • ISOSTEM OPT Extension slides
  • ISO F-1 24-Month STEM OPT Extension: Eligibility, Application, & Guidance webpage (i.e., this webpage)
  • ISO Main F-1 24-Month STEM Optional Practical Training (STEM OPT) webpage
  • ISO F-1 STEM OPT Extension: Reporting Requirements webpage
  • ISO Knowledge Base webpage
    • For delays in receiving an OPT receipt notice, consult the ISO Knowledge Base guidance [here].
  • ISO main Employment webpage
  • MIT International Scholars Office (ISchO) Guidance for MIT Departments/Offices hiring individuals on the F-1 STEM OPT webpage
  • NAFSA STEM OPT Rulemaking webpage

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USCIS Resources:

  • USCIS STEM OPT Resource webpage
  • USCIS Announces F-1 STEM OPT Extension, STEM OPT Extension, and STEM OPT Extension Application Fee Increases (Effective April 1, 2024)
  • USCIS Announces F-1 STEM OPT Extension, STEM OPT Extension, and STEM OPT Extension Premium Processing Fees Increase (Effective February 26, 2024)
  • USCIS General Online Filing Information webpage
  • USCIS Introduces Online Filing for Form I-765, Application for Employment Authorization Resources:
    • Overview of myUSCIS for Applicants webpage (May 5, 2021)
    • USCIS Ombudsman’s Webinar Series, Updated Questions & Answers webpage (May 5, 2021), and Webinar Series Slides (April 2021)
    • Engagement Readout for F-1 Students Seeking Optional Practical Training webpage (May 5, 2021)
    • USCIS Online Filing and Customer Service Tools, PowerPoint presentation, and Q&A webpage (March 31, 2021)

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DHS & ICE Resources:

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Disclaimer: The information on this webpage is only for MIT-sponsored students.

For additional questions, students should first review the ISO Employment web pages thoroughly. They are encouraged to use the ISO search tool (located at the top of the ISO website) or consult the comprehensive FAQ section in the ISO Knowledge Base. MIT students may also contact their designated ISO Advisor directly for assistance.

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MIT Division of Graduate and Undergraduate Education